In chapter 12, Strayer discusses how the world is connecting during the 15th century. The Paleolithic people changed over time and the Europeans arrived to Australia in the 18th century. In North America, complex gathering hunting cultures rose and the 15th century numbers contracted greatly as the Agricultural Revolution unfolded across the planet. The Igbo usually had small village based communities organized in terms of kingship relations. They traded cotton, fish, copper, and other things between themselves. The Igbo people ended when the slave trade started. In Central Asia and West Africa, the Turkic leader, Timur, brought immense devastation again to Russia, Persia, and India. He hosted an elite culture, combining Turkic and Persian elements. Their homelands were defeated by the expanding Russia and Chinese Empires. In Europe, there were processes of demographic recovery, political consolidation, and cultural flowering. Western Europe survived the Mongol invasion, but they could...
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In chapter 11, Strayer explains the Mongol empire and why they were so important. The mongols didn't create elaborate cities but left an indelible mark on the historical development of the Afro-Eurasian Empire. Societies usually lived in small and scattered encampments of related kinfolk rather than in villages. The people organized themselves into clans, and lived solely on animals and manufactured goods. The Turkic language and culture spread rapidly all over Asia, and the Turks converted to Islam. They brought Islam and Turkic culture to Anatolia, and then created the Ottoman Empire. The Mongol Empire was enormous and destructive of the process and the networks of exchange and communication numbering 700,000 people. They left a cultural imprint, but didn't leave a new language, religion, or civilization. Their religion was centered around rituals invoking ancestors. The Mongols conquered, defeated, subordinate and exploited people. The Black Death reached Egypt in 1350, and ...
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In chapter 8, Strayer discusses the impact China has on the world. The history of China has been very impressive, but hasn't changed much over time. The collapse of the Han dynasty brought in over 3 centuries of political fragmentation in China. It signaled the risen of local, powerful families. When Chinese people moved South toward the Yangzi river, it created a disunity, and opened the door to a greater acceptance of Buddhism and Daoism among the elite. China regained their unity under the Sui Dynasty because the emperors solidified the unity of the vast extension of the country's canal system. The Sui emperors campaigned to conquer Korea exhausted the state's resources and soon the dynasty was overthrown. The Tang and Song dynasties took over and renewed unity and called this the "golden age." China's prosperity was its rapid growth population, it from 50 million during the Tang Dynasty to 120 million by 1200. China was the most urbanized country in the wo...
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In chapter 10, Stayer explains the different types of Christianity and the religion as a whole. Christianity in Asia challenged Islam and created Nestorian Christians. In Africa, there were Nubian and Ethiopian Christians. The Byzantine state was like a smaller Roman Empire and there was wealth and slender of the court. They went under attack from the East and West in 1085 and it lasted until 1453. The Byzantine Empire had conflicts with the Persians, Arabs, and Turks. They used the trade routes to exchange coins and silk. The Byzantines were trying to preserve the Greek learning by using their teachings. Charlemagne became the emperor of Rome in 800 and became in charge of rebuilding the empire. During the rebuilding of the Roman Empire, there were conflicts between the church and state, and this was caused by the spreading of religion. In the West, there were new security in the High Middle Ages and a revival of long distance trade. Opportunities for women would rise and fall during ...
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In chapter 9, Strayer discusses the world of Islam as a whole. Islam after the Classical Era was very large and influential. It united with much of Afro-Eurasia and was influential internal and externally. Islam was home to Arabia, Mecca, Byzantine and Sassanid Empires, and the "children of Abraham." Muhammad Ibn Abdullah had a series of revelations and that became the Quran. The religion of Abraham returned and there was a revolutionary message of social justice called the Umma. The Five Pillars of Islam are declaration of faith (Shahadah), obligatory prayer (Salat), compulsory giving (Zakat), fasting in the month of Ramadan (Sawn), pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The transformation of Arabia was caused by the tensions in Mecca and the Hijra. They entered into Mecca in 630 and there were wars and alliances. This caused for most of the Peninsula to be under a unified Islamic state, and there was a fusion of religious and political authority. The Arab Empire was starting to expand...
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In chapter 7, Strayer discusses the importance of trade between the countries and the culture of each country and how that played a part in what they produced. he starts the chapter off by explaining what and where the Silk Roads were. The Silk Road was a network of trade routes which connected the East and West, and was central to the economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between these regions from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century. The main focus of the trading goods were luxury goods like silk, furs, cotton, dates, and gold coins. With the amount of trade happening during this time, women had to start helping by making the products or even going out to go trade. China and other countries started producing silk and that was the main produced being traded. Along with products being traded, cultures were also being passed along. For example, Buddhism was moving all throughout countries and even new forms, like Mahayana, were evolving. There were also some bad ...
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In chapter 6, Strayer talks about how several important second-wave civilizations developed outside of Eurasia. Many of them continued to influence the cultures of societies of today. The people that developed alternatives to civilizations have made contributions that deserve a place in the account of human history. On each of the different continents, there were agricultural revolutions, complex societies, and uneven distribution of humans and animals. Each continent also had their own variation of metallurgy and literacy. In Africa, Meroë was continuing to live in civilization in Nile Valley. Axum was the emergence of a new civilization that had a very productive economic foundation because they used a plow-based farming system. I thought that it was cool that people from the Sahara would move to the areas around the Niger River so that they can have more access to water. In Mesoamerica, the Mayans had writing and warfare. They had urban centers, mathematics, and astronomy. The ...