In chapter 9, Strayer discusses the world of Islam as a whole. Islam after the Classical Era was very large and influential. It united with much of Afro-Eurasia and was influential internal and externally. Islam was home to Arabia, Mecca, Byzantine and Sassanid Empires, and the "children of Abraham." Muhammad Ibn Abdullah had a series of revelations and that became the Quran. The religion of Abraham returned and there was a revolutionary message of social justice called the Umma. The Five Pillars of Islam are declaration of faith (Shahadah), obligatory prayer (Salat), compulsory giving (Zakat), fasting in the month of Ramadan (Sawn), pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). The transformation of Arabia was caused by the tensions in Mecca and the Hijra. They entered into Mecca in 630 and there were wars and alliances. This caused for most of the Peninsula to be under a unified Islamic state, and there was a fusion of religious and political authority. The Arab Empire was starting to expand; it was in control from the Iberian Peninsula to the Indus River. There were conversions of many different things; like spiritual versus, slaves, and merchants. The Islamic world had multiple influences that they got from the Persians. The elite women in Islam had many restrictions during the golden age. India was invaded by the Turks, and they disillusioned Buddhists and lower-caste Hindus. Anatolia was also invaded by the Turks, and they were part of the Ottoman Empire. West Africa consisted of many muslim scholars and merchants, and they had major urban centers. They weren't really connected with the rural world and popular culture. Spain had increased their intolerance and there was a Christian reconquest and expulsion. Islam had glories in the Western encroachment and since there were many countries under the control of Islam, there was a lot of diversity.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

After reading The Superior Man , I think that our leaders should really listen to XVI.24 and XIV.29. XVI.24 states that the superior man is always moving forwards while the mean man doesn't move or moves backwards. This is very important because as a nation we want to continually move forward to become better. In XIV.29, the master talks about how the superior man lets his actions speak for him instead of his words. Meaning that he says one thing but then he makes sure that his actions follow them up. This is important in a nation because we need a leader that is going to do. a leader who just says things but doesn't follow up is someone who shouldn't be in charge.
Read more
In chapter 12, Strayer discusses how the world is connecting during the 15th century. The Paleolithic people changed over time and the Europeans arrived to Australia in the 18th century. In North America, complex gathering hunting cultures rose and the 15th century numbers contracted greatly as the Agricultural Revolution unfolded across the planet. The Igbo usually had small village based communities organized in terms of kingship relations. They traded cotton, fish, copper, and other things between themselves. The Igbo people ended when the slave trade started. In Central Asia and West Africa, the Turkic leader, Timur, brought immense devastation again to Russia, Persia, and India. He hosted an elite culture, combining Turkic and Persian elements. Their homelands were defeated by the expanding Russia and Chinese Empires. In Europe, there were processes of demographic recovery, political consolidation, and cultural flowering. Western Europe survived the Mongol invasion, but they could...
Read more
In chapter 10, Stayer explains the different types of Christianity and the religion as a whole. Christianity in Asia challenged Islam and created Nestorian Christians. In Africa, there were Nubian and Ethiopian Christians. The Byzantine state was like a smaller Roman Empire and there was wealth and slender of the court. They went under attack from the East and West in 1085 and it lasted until 1453. The Byzantine Empire had conflicts with the Persians, Arabs, and Turks. They used the trade routes to exchange coins and silk. The Byzantines were trying to preserve the Greek learning by using their teachings. Charlemagne became the emperor of Rome in 800 and became in charge of rebuilding the empire. During the rebuilding of the Roman Empire, there were conflicts between the church and state, and this was caused by the spreading of religion. In the West, there were new security in the High Middle Ages and a revival of long distance trade. Opportunities for women would rise and fall during ...
Read more